A stakeholder is anyone that has an interest or is affected by a decision. For example, some of the stakeholders of a state university include the students, students’ families, alumni, professors, custodians,...
A stakeholder is anyone that has an interest or is affected by a decision. For example, some of the stakeholders of a state university include the students, students’ families, alumni, professors, custodians,...
See unrelated business income tax.
A highly summarized balance sheet
Also referred to as illusory profits. Occurs because accountants use past costs rather than replacement costs. For example, in computing the cost of goods sold accountants often use the FIFO cost flow assumption. This...
See direct labor rate variance.
A weighted average cost used with the periodic inventory system. To learn more, see Explanation of Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold.
Net sales revenues minus the cost of goods sold.
Merchandise that has been shipped by a supplier but the merchandise has not yet reached the customer’s location. Goods in transit that were shipped FOB Shipping Point should be included in the customer’s...
A reference to stockholders’ equity. See paid-in capital. Also an adjective that references property, plant and equipment used in a business; for example, capital expenditures and capital budgeting.
See quick ratio.
In the EOQ model, order costs are the incremental costs of processing an order of goods from a supplier. Examples of order costs include the costs of preparing a requisition, a purchase order, and a receiving ticket,...
The elimination of part or all of a markdown.
Journal entries usually dated the last day of the accounting period to bring the balance sheet and income statement up to date on the accrual basis of accounting. Adjusting entries are made to report (1) revenues that...
A certified public accountant (CPA) who practices accounting in his or her own firm without another CPA as a partner or shareholder.
Expenses which do not change in response to reasonable changes in sales or other activity.
A statistical tool used to determine the coefficients of the two or more independent variables involved in estimating the amount of the dependent variable. It utilizes the least-squares method for determining the...
Delivery expense to be paid by the seller when its merchandise is sold with terms of FOB destination. This is an operating expense and is not included in the cost of merchandise.
The analysis of how profits change as volume changes. The calculation of the break-even point is a part of cost-volume-profit analysis.
An employee fringe benefit provided by an employer that allows employees to be paid for a limited number of days per year when the employees are ill.
Also known as a journal.
A series of equal amounts occurring at the beginning of each equal time interval. Also known as an annuity in advance. An example would be the monthly rent on an apartment.
The statement of the Financial Accounting Standards Board with the title Accounting for Contributions Received and Contributions Made. This statement was originally issued in June 1993 and applies to both nonprofit...
A payment. The expenditure might be for a significant long term asset (capital expenditure), a short term asset (prepaid insurance), a reduction in a liability, or for an immediate expense such as rent.
The time between when a check is written and when the check clears the bank account on which it is drawn.
A variance arising in a standard costing system that indicates the difference between the actual variable manufacturing costs incurred and the expected variable manufacturing overhead costs based on some activity such as...
A company’s sales in a market as compared to the total sales in that market. For example, General Motors share of the U.S. market has decreased from more than 50% in the 1960’s to its present market share of...
A retirement plan that does not specify the amount that a retiree will receive. Rather, the employer’s obligation is to contribute a specific amount into a fund to be used for payments to retirees.
The date on which the board of directors of a corporation declares a dividend on the corporation’s stock. On this date an accounting entry is made to debit Retained Earnings and to credit Dividends Payable.
An adjunct account is a valuation account that increases the book value or carrying value of a liability account. For example, the account Unamortized Premium on Bonds Payable (or simply Bond Premium) is an adjunct...
Financial statements (such as the income statement and balance sheet) that summarize much of the detail into a few major lines of information.
A revenues account with a debit balance instead of the usual credit balance. Examples include sales returns, sales allowances, and sales discounts.
This current liability account reports the amount of interest the company owes as of the date of the balance sheet. (Future interest is not recorded as a liability.)
The amount of temporary staffing costs that were used during the time interval indicated in the heading of the income statement.
The contra owner’s equity account used to record the current year’s withdrawals of business assets by the sole proprietor for personal use. This is a temporary account with a debit balance. It will be closed...
A top ranking corporation official usually reporting to the chief executive officer and responsible for the operations of the corporation.
One of the main financial statements of a nonprofit organization. This financial statement reports the revenues and expenses and the changes in the amounts of each of the classes of net assets during the period shown in...
See Financial Accounting Standards Board.
See net present value.
A cost that can be traced to a cost object. For example, the flour used in baking bread is a direct cost of a bakery’s bread. The wages and salaries of the employees working exclusively in a manufacturer’s...
A depreciation technique where a constant percentage (such as 200%, 150%, or 125%) is applied to the book value of an asset. (As an asset is depreciated its book value declines.) This technique results in greater...
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